The parrotfish (Sparisoma cretense, known in Maltese as Marżpan) is one of the most distinctive and charismatic fish found in Maltese coastal waters. Its vibrant hues, gentle nature, and important ecological role make it a favourite among snorkellers, divers, and marine enthusiasts.

Beyond its eye-catching looks, this fish serves as a key caretaker of the reef, quietly shaping the underwater landscape through its grazing habits.

Characterised by its beak-like mouth, formed from rows of fused teeth, the parrotfish is perfectly adapted for scraping algae off rocks. This feature not only gives the species its name but also defines its essential role in maintaining balanced marine habitats.

Juvenile parrotfish are typically light grey with darker outlines along their scales, giving them a subtle, mottled appearance. As they mature, the contrast becomes striking: males develop a vivid dark saffron colour accented by a bright, yellow-edged tail, while females and smaller individuals retain a softer brownish-grey shade with pale blotches.

Parrotfish are commonly found between 3 and 50 metres deep across the Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea, with Maltese waters providing ideal conditions. They thrive in rocky habitats with drop-offs and large boulders, as well as in lush Posidonia seagrass beds. These environments offer both shelter and abundant algae, which the parrotfish grazes on throughout the day.

They are frequently observed in small groups, gliding gracefully with a gentle flapping motion as they nip at algae, and occasionally bits of rock. This grinding action contributes to natural sand production, subtly reshaping the seafloor.

Active during daylight hours, parrotfish are approachable, peaceful, and particularly abundant in shallow rocky zones during the summer months. Their presence is a positive sign of reef health, as their constant grazing prevents algae from overwhelming corals and other marine organisms.

Despite their impressive beaks, parrotfish pose no danger to humans; algae is their only target. Their range of colours, from understated juvenile tones to the dramatic saffron of mature males, makes them one of the most visually engaging species in Maltese waters.

In every sense, the parrotfish stands out - not just for its beauty, but for the crucial role it plays in keeping Malta’s underwater world vibrant and thriving.

Have you ever seen a parrotfish in Maltese waters?